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Research Papers
Sustaining HIV gains towards the UNAIDS 95 95 95 targets amid a shifting funding landscape in Sub Saharan Africa
Sub‑Saharan Africa has made major strides toward the UNAIDS 95‑95‑95 goals, but abrupt donor funding cuts—most notably the 2025 suspension of PEPFAR disbursements—now threaten hard‑won progress. A review of 15 studies and reports (2020–2025) shows that decreased financing is already disrupting HIV testing, ART initiation, and viral load monitoring through supply shortages, reduced outreach, and strained laboratory capacity, with projections of sharply rising infections and AIDS‑related deaths if unmitigated. The impacts are uneven, widening inequities between well‑resour Read MoreResearch PapersThe supply chain lens of the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, with Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experiencing the highest mortality rates due to weak health systems, regulatory gaps, and widespread misuse of antimicrobials. While policy and clinical responses have been extensive, the role of pharmaceutical supply chains in exacerbating AMR remains underexplored. This study, using a narrative review and policy analysis, reveals that SSA’s pharmaceutical supply chains suffer from minimal local production, heavy reliance on imports, fragmented private distribution, and poor inventory ma Read MoreResearch PapersEffect of healthcare worker vs. non-health worker delivered health education on modern contraceptive uptake among women in Malawi: a quasi-experimental study
A quasi-experimental study in two Malawian districts compared health education delivered by health workers versus non-health workers on modern contraceptive uptake among 414 women aged 15–49. Uptake was slightly higher in the health worker group (45.3%) than the non-health worker group (41.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.74–2.89). Findings suggest non-health worker-delivered education can complement health workers in improving contraceptive use and reducing maternal and neonatal health risks. Read More
Research PapersPatient and institutional-related barriers to the uptake of anticoagulation service at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
This study at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Kenya, assessed patient and institutional-related barriers to the uptake of anticoagulation services. The research identified significant gaps in patient knowledge which contributed to high rates of non- adherence and poor therapeutic INR maintenance. Institutional challenges included a lack of structured patient education programs, limited patient engagement tools and inadequate time for clinicians. The study concludes that improving anticoagulation outcomes requires strengthening patient education, better INR monitoring awareness, and
Read MoreResearch PapersHIV knowledge and its influence on prevention practices among females aged 15-24 years in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya
This study conducted in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya, assessed the HIV knowledge and its influence on prevention practices among females aged 15-24 years, a group disproportionately affected by the epidemic. The research determined that while knowledge levels were generally moderate to high, a significant knowledge-behavior gap existed, evidenced by the insufficient translation of awareness into safe practices like abstinence or consistent condom use. The study concludes that simple knowledge dissemination is inadequate; effective prevention must integrate peer-led education, behavioral suppo
Read MoreResearch PapersChallenges and opportunities for greater public-private partnership for the implementation of the WHO operational framework for building climate resilient health systems to improve malaria control and elimination in Sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid review
This rapid review identifies the challenges and opportunities for greater Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in implementing the WHO Operational Framework for building climate-resilient health systems to control malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Climate change threatens malaria gains by promoting vector breeding, requiring urgent adaptive measures. The analysis found challenges like weak policy frameworks and bureaucracy, but also opportunities in health workforce training and co-production of research. The study concludes that PPPs remain a viable, necessary alternative for adapting the WH
Read MoreResearch PapersThe socio-cultural aspects of sexual medicine: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024)
This narrative review explores how cultural, historical, religious, legal, and societal factors shape sexual practices and influence clinical care in sexual medicine. Focusing on female genital mutilation/cutting, penile circumcision, and unconsummated marriages, the study highlights the complex interplay between socio-cultural norms and sexual health outcomes. Through extensive literature review and expert discussion, the authors emphasize the importance of patient empowerment, respect for self-determination, and the need for culturally sensitive clinical approaches. The paper advocates for c
Read MoreResearch PapersThe state of youth sexual and reproductive health problems and service utilisation in major towns of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of reproductive health issues and service utilization among youths in 13 urban towns in Ethiopia, involving 1954 community youths and 1261 students from higher education institutions. Findings revealed that 35% of youths engaged in high-risk sexual behavior (HRSB), over 14% experienced unwanted pregnancies, and only 26.7% had used sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Family planning (FP) usage among female youths was low at 26.4%. Service uptake was notably lower among unmarried youths, those aged 18–19, and individuals with limite
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