Diagnostics for detection and surveillance of priority epidemic-prone diseases in Africa: an assessment of testing capacity and laboratory strengthening needs

In 2023, Africa faced 180 public health emergencies, with 90% linked to infectious diseases and 75% to zoonotic origins. A self-assessment survey conducted among 15 African Union Member States revealed significant disparities in diagnostic capacity for epidemic-prone diseases. While testing for diseases like COVID-19, polio, and measles has improved due to prior investments, capacity remains limited for others such as dengue and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Many countries are not yet utilizing multiplex testing, which could enhance diagnostic efficiency. Key challenges include limited laboratory infrastructure, inconsistent disease prioritization, and underutilization of cost-effective technologies. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen diagnostic systems, improve surveillance, and invest in scalable technologies to better prepare for future outbreaks and prevent pandemics.

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