Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake amongst traders in Wakulima Market, a cross-sectional study in Nairobi City County, Kenya

This cross-sectional mixed‑methods study examined factors influencing COVID‑19 vaccine uptake among 353 traders at Wakulima Market in Nairobi, supported by qualitative insights from 30 county health officials. Findings from multiple linear regression showed that contextual, individual, and perceptual factors each significantly increased vaccine uptake, with perceptual factors having the strongest effect. Baseline uptake was low, but improvements in any of these domains were associated with measurable increases in acceptance. Overall, the study highlights that traders’ vaccination decisions are shaped by a combination of personal beliefs, environmental influences, and broader contextual conditions, underscoring the need for targeted strategies to strengthen vaccine uptake in this population

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