The cost and cost drivers of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: a bottom-up costing study of rollouts in seven countries

This multi‑country study assessed the cost of delivering COVID‑19 vaccines across seven low‑ and middle‑income countries and found that financial costs ranged from $0.29–$2.18 per dose, while economic costs ranged from $1.14–$9.50, largely driven by labor. Costs were lower when vaccination volumes were high, when delivery occurred through campaigns rather than continuous services, and as programs scaled up. Health worker commitment, political support, and volunteers enabled efficient rollout despite major resource and staffing constraints. Overall, the findings show that countries delivered large vaccine quantities with limited resources but highlight the need for stronger, more resilient health systems for future pandemics.

Read Here >>>